Aberration.

The inability of the lens to generate a accurate image, especially in the edge of the photograph.
Typically, the additional costly the lens, the greater its optical top quality as well as the fewer aberrations.

The region of the scene that a lens can cover. The focal length in the lens determines the position of view. A wide-angle (short-focal-length) lens includes additional of the scene than a regular (normal-focal-length) lens or telephoto (long-focal-length) lens. Angle of view is basically the position at which lumination rays can pass by way of the lens to generate an image about the film.

Aperture

The aperture is the opening formed through the blades in the iris or diaphragm in the lens, by way of which lumination passes to expose the film. Aperture size is generally offered in f-numbers, the more substantial the number, the smaller the opening. Aperture size together with shutter speed ascertain the quantity of lumination falling about the film (exposure).
The aperture is at times known as the “stop”.

Aspherical lens

A lens with a curved, non-spherical surface. Used to minimize aberrations and obtain a additional compact lens size. With a spherical lens, rays travelling from the lens periphery create the image before the perfect focal place and give a blurred image centre. With an aspherical lens, even the rays travelling from the lens periphery converge in the perfect focal place, thus making a sharp image.

Chromatic aberration

The inability of the lens to bring all lumination wavelengths (especially red & blue) into the same plane of focus, thus causing overall blur. Typically found in standard large-aperture telephoto and super-telephoto lenses. Not improved by reducing aperture size. Can be corrected with low dispersion (ED, LD SD) glass.

Colour temperature

A method of expressing the colour content and top quality of lumination and measured in Kelvin (K).
“Photographic daylight” has a colour temperature of about 5500K. Photographic tungsten lights have colour temperatures of 3200K to 3400K depending on their construction.

Depth of Field

The distance between the nearest and furthest objects in a photograph that are considered to be acceptably sharp. Dependant on aperture, focal length and focused distance. The smaller the aperture, the wider the lens as well as the further the focused distance, giving a higher depth of field and vice versa.

Electronic flash

Designed to provide lumination where the lighting about the scene is insufficient. Electronic flash requires higher voltage, generally obtained by way of batteries and a voltage-multiplying circuit which discharge a brief, intensive burst. Typically considered to have the same photographic effect as daylight. Modern flash units have multiple TTL exposure control functions and auto focus control.

F-numbers or F-stops

Numbers about the lens aperture ring as well as the camera’s LCD (where applicable) that indicate the size of lens aperture. The lower the number the more substantial the aperture. Since the scale rises, each number is multiplied by a factor of 1.4. Standard numbers are 1.0,1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32, etc., each change resulting in a doubling or halving in the quantity of lumination transmitted through the lens to the film.

Film Speed

ISO stands for International Standards Organization and numbers such as ISO 100 or ISO 400 etc. give the sensitivity of film to lumination. The higher the number, the additional sensitive or faster the film. Basically, the slower the film (low ISO No.) the sharper and clearer the photograph. Grainy effects can be achieved with fast films (higher ISO No.).

Flash sync speed

Exposure time with a focal-plane shutter is measured from the moment the first curtain is released until the moment the second curtain is released. The instant the first curtain closes, the electrical contacts for X sync close and instantly fire the flash.

Focal Duration

The distance from the film to the optical centre in the lens when the lens is focused on infinity. Focal length on most adjustable canon camera lenses is marked in millimetres about the lens mount. On 35mm-format cameras, lenses with a focal length of 50mm are known as usual or regular lenses. Lenses of 35mm or less are known as wide position lenses and lenses of 85mm or additional are known as telephoto lenses. Lenses which allow varying focal lengths without changing focus are known as zoom lenses.

Lens

One or additional pieces of optical glass or similar material designed to collect and transfer rays of lumination to form a sharp image on film, paper or a projection screen. In practical photography, compound lenses made of the number of elements of different types of glass are used. This enables the manufacturer to correct most in the faults (aberrations) found in simple lenses and provide images that are sharp across the whole photo.

Lens Speed

The largest aperture(smallest F-stop) at which a lens can be set. Fast lenses transmit additional lumination and have more substantial openings than slow lenses. Determined through the maximum aperture in relation to focal length. Lens speed is relative: a 400 mm lens with a maximum aperture of F/3.5 is considered extremely fast, while a 28mm F/3.5 lens is considered to be quite slow.

Perspective

Perspective is a two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional scene. In photography this can be achieved by viewing 3-D objects from an position rather than head-on. A photograph is also offered perspective if there are objects in the foreground, middle distance and background, giving the whole scene “depth”.

Single-Lens-Reflex (SLR) Camera

Lighting entering the camera by way of the lens is reflected up by a mirror behind the lens onto a ground glass screen above. This screen is viewed by way of the viewfinder and a glass pentaprism which turns the image the correct way up. Other camera functions such as lumination metering and flash control also operate by way of the camera lens.

Zoom Lens

A lens which can be adjusted to a wide range of focal lengths without a change in focus, thus an alternative for a number of individual lenses of various focal lengths. A difficult type of lens to design and manufacture, but very useful for the photographer who likes to travel lumination.

Read more content at Tips in Washing Your Electronic Camera Lens.

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